Confusable diagnoses · PANCE / PANRE

Rheumatoid Arthritis vs Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus are easy to mix up on the boards. Here's a side-by-side comparison — presentation, workup, imaging, and first-line treatment — drawn from our full outlines.

Rheumatoid Arthritis vs Systemic Lupus Erythematosus at a glance

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Chronic symmetric inflammatory polyarthritis with autoantibodies and erosive joint damage.
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Multisystem autoimmune disease with autoantibodies against nuclear antigens and immune-complex tissue injury.
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Side-by-side comparison

FeatureRheumatoid ArthritisSystemic Lupus Erythematosus
At a glanceChronic symmetric inflammatory polyarthritis with autoantibodies and erosive joint damage.Multisystem autoimmune disease with autoantibodies against nuclear antigens and immune-complex tissue injury.
Classic presentationSymmetric MCP/PIP/wrist swelling with positive MCP/MTP squeeze test, plus rheumatoid nodules in seropositive disease.; Insidious symmetric polyarthritis of…Constitutional: fatigue, low-grade fever, weight loss; Mucocutaneous: malar (butterfly) rash sparing nasolabial folds, discoid lesions, photosensitivity, oral…
Workup / key labs2010 ACR/EULAR classification: score ≥6 of 10 across (a) joint involvement, (b) serology (RF/anti-CCP), (c) acute-phase reactants, and (d) symptom duration ≥6…EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria: ANA ≥1:80 as entry, then weighted clinical and immunologic domains (total ≥10 points classifies).; ANA — screening…
ImagingPlain radiographs of hands and feet — periarticular osteopenia, symmetric joint-space narrowing, marginal erosions (MTPs often earliest); Ultrasound or MRI —…Renal biopsy — definitive for lupus nephritis classification (ISN/RPS classes I-VI); guides immunosuppression; Echo if pericardial effusion or Libman-Sacks…
First-line treatmentEarly DMARD therapy within 3 months of diagnosis — methotrexate is anchor drug; start 10-15 mg PO/SC weekly with folic acid 1 mg daily; Conventional DMARDs —…Sun protection and smoking cessation for all patients; Hydroxychloroquine 200-400 mg/day — foundational for all SLE; reduces flares, organ damage, and…

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Educational use only. This outline is a study aid for PA students and is not medical advice or a substitute for clinical judgment. FirstPassPA is an independent study tool and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by NCCPA. PANCE® and PANRE® are registered trademarks of the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants.